WAEC SSCE Physics
Study notes for Structure of the nucleus — part of the WAEC SSCE Physics syllabus. 1 learning objectives with explanations and exam tips.
At the centre of every atom sits a tiny nucleus, packed with almost all the atom's mass. Think of it like the kernel inside a mango seed—small but very important. The nucleus contains two types of particles working together: protons and neutrons.
Protons are positively charged particles, while neutrons have no electrical charge. They stick together tightly through a powerful nuclear force. The number of protons determines which element an atom is. For example, uranium nuclei found in Nigerian uranium deposits contain 92 protons, making uranium unique. Neutrons add extra mass without changing the element's identity.
Together, protons and neutrons are called nucleons. The mass number of an atom equals the total nucleons present. Understanding this composition helps explain why different elements behave differently in nuclear reactions used in medicine and energy production.