JAMB Music · Section B
Study notes for Cadences in major keys NOT exceeding two sharps — part of the JAMB UTME Music syllabus. 2 learning objectives with explanations and exam tips.
When two musical lines move together, they create what we call "motion." Understanding this is crucial for identifying cadences in major keys like C, G, and D.
There are four types of motion: parallel motion occurs when both lines move in the same direction by the same interval; contrary motion happens when lines move in opposite directions; oblique motion appears when one line stays still while the other moves; and direct (or similar) motion exists when both lines move in the same direction but by different intervals.
Think of the Yoruba traditional music where the lead vocalist and supporting chorus often move in parallel motion, creating that rich harmonic texture you hear in many Nigerian praise songs. These motions become especially important when you're analyzing authentic, plagal, and perfect cadences, where the bass and soprano movements determine the cadence's character and quality.
When two chords move from one to another, they create what we call "motion." There are four types: parallel motion happens when both the highest and lowest notes move in the same direction by the same interval. Contrary motion is opposite—one voice goes up while another goes down. Oblique motion occurs when one voice stays still while the other moves. Direct motion (also called similar motion) is when voices move in the same direction but by different intervals.
Think of it like two people walking: parallel motion means both walking the same way together, contrary motion means walking in opposite directions, and oblique motion means one person standing still while the other walks past.
In G major or D major—keys with just one or two sharps—these motions help create smooth, professional-sounding cadences. Perfect cadences demand careful voice leading to avoid parallel fifths or octaves between outer voices.