JAMB Christian Religious Studies · Section A

The Covenant

Study notes for The Covenant — part of the JAMB UTME Christian Religious Studies syllabus. 14 learning objectives with explanations and exam tips.

Objectives14
SubjectChristian Religious Studies
SectionA
Study Notes
Objective 1 of 14
COVENANT: UNDERSTANDING GOD'S AGREEMENT

A covenant in Christian Religious Studies is simply a serious agreement or contract between God and His people. Think of it like a binding promise where both sides have responsibilities. God promises blessings and protection, while His people promise to obey His laws and remain faithful. It's far deeper than ordinary promises because breaking a covenant has serious spiritual consequences.

The Old Testament shows the best examples. God made a covenant with Abraham, promising him countless descendants and the land of Canaan. In Nigeria, we see similar covenant ideas in traditional cultures where elders make sacred agreements sealed with oaths and witnesses.

The most important covenant for Christians is the New Covenant through Jesus Christ, where His death and resurrection replaced the old laws with grace and forgiveness.

💡 Exam tip: Always remember that covenant involves mutual responsibility—God's promises AND human obedience. Questions often test whether you understand both sides of the agreement.
Objective 2 of 14
The Covenant: Study Notes

A covenant is simply a serious agreement or promise made between two parties. In the Bible, God made covenants with His people to show His commitment and to establish relationships. The Old Testament shows God making covenants with Noah after the flood, with Abraham promising descendants and land, and with Moses at Mount Sinai where He gave the Ten Commandments. Each covenant had conditions—God promised blessings if people obeyed His laws.

Think of it like when your parents sign an agreement with a school: both sides promise something and both must keep their word. The covenant matters because it shows God's faithfulness and love for humanity. It also teaches us that relationships with God require obedience and commitment from our side too.

In Nigeria, marriage ceremonies often involve vows and agreements similar to biblical covenants—both partners make binding promises before witnesses and God.

💡 Exam tip: When answering covenant questions, always mention both what God promised AND what His people were expected to do in return.
Objective 3 of 14
God's Covenant with Noah

A covenant is simply an agreement or promise between two people, but God's covenant with Noah was extra special because God made it with all humanity. After the great flood, God promised Noah that He would never again destroy the earth with water. This wasn't a deal where Noah had to earn God's favor—it was a free promise God made because He was satisfied with Noah's obedience and righteousness.

God gave Noah a sign: the rainbow. Whenever you see a rainbow after rain in Nigeria, that's meant to remind us of God's promise to humanity. Unlike later covenants God made with Abraham and Moses that had specific conditions, Noah's covenant was unconditional. God simply committed Himself to preserve creation and humanity forever.

This covenant shows God's mercy and faithfulness. Even after humans sinned greatly, God didn't abandon them completely.

💡 Exam tip: Remember that Noah's covenant was unconditional and universal—it applied to all people and nature, not just one family like Abraham's covenant did later.
Objective 4 of 14
The Covenant: Abraham and Israel

A covenant is simply a binding agreement or promise between two parties. In the Bible, God made a covenant with Abraham, promising him countless descendants and land. This wasn't a casual promise—it was sacred and permanent. Abraham had to show his faith by obeying God, even when asked to sacrifice his own son Isaac. God kept His promise, and Abraham became the father of the Israeli nation through his son Isaac and grandson Jacob.

Think of it like a business partnership agreement in Nigeria where both parties commit to terms they cannot break. Just as a landlord and tenant sign a binding agreement, God and Abraham entered into a serious compact. The covenant extended to Israel—Abraham's descendants—making them God's chosen people with specific responsibilities and blessings.

💡 Exam tip: Always remember that covenants in the Bible require both promise and obedience from the people involved.
Objective 5 of 14
The Old and New Covenants

Think of a covenant as a serious agreement between God and His people. The Old Covenant was God's agreement with Israel through Moses at Mount Sinai, based on the Law and the Ten Commandments. People had to obey rules to stay in God's favour. It required animal sacrifices and regular offerings—like when a chief in Nigeria makes a binding agreement with conditions that must be kept.

The New Covenant came through Jesus Christ. Instead of following hundreds of laws, believers now have a relationship based on faith and grace. Jesus became the final sacrifice, meaning no more animal sacrifices were needed. The New Covenant focuses on Jesus's death and resurrection saving humanity from sin.

The key difference? The Old required strict obedience to laws; the New offers salvation through faith in Jesus. One was temporary; the other is permanent.

💡 Exam tip: Always remember that Jesus is central to understanding the New Covenant—examiners love when students link this clearly.
Objective 6 of 14
The Covenant: Study Notes

A covenant is a sacred agreement or promise between God and His people. Think of it like a serious contract, but deeper—it involves commitment, conditions, and blessings. In the Bible, God made covenants with key figures like Abraham, Moses, and David. Each covenant arose from specific circumstances where God wanted to establish a special relationship with His chosen people.

The covenant with Abraham emerged when God promised him land and descendants despite his age. Later, God made a covenant with Moses at Mount Sinai after freeing the Israelites from Egyptian slavery. These circumstances—whether it was Abraham's faith journey or Israel's liberation—shaped why God initiated these agreements.

Understanding covenants helps us see how God related to people throughout history. Each covenant had conditions: God's promises required human obedience and faith in return.

💡 Exam tip: When answering covenant questions, always mention both the person involved and the specific circumstances that triggered God's covenant promise.
Objective 7 of 14
The Covenant and Leadership of Joseph, Moses, Joshua

A covenant is a sacred agreement or promise between God and His people. Think of it like a binding contract, but more spiritual. God promised blessings if people obeyed His laws, and consequences if they disobeyed.

Joseph demonstrated faithful leadership in Egypt by managing the famine wisely, showing that God blesses obedience even in foreign lands. Moses received the covenant at Mount Sinai with the Ten Commandments, establishing the relationship between God and Israel. Joshua inherited this covenant responsibility and led Israel into Canaan, conquering the promised land through faith and obedience.

Each leader embodied the covenant principle: serving God faithfully brings divine protection and success. Like a Nigerian governor who keeps promises to his people and gains their trust, these leaders kept God's promises alive and earned their people's respect.

💡 Exam tip: Always explain covenant as God's promise plus human responsibility—it's two-sided, not one-sided. Most students forget this crucial balance.
Objective 8 of 14
The Covenant: A Binding Agreement with God

A covenant is basically a serious agreement or promise between God and His people. Think of it like a contract, but much more sacred and binding. In the Bible, God made covenants with key leaders showing His commitment to them and their descendants. Abraham received a covenant where God promised him countless descendants and land. Moses received the covenant of the law at Mount Sinai, where God gave the Ten Commandments. These weren't casual promises—they were formal, life-changing agreements with specific conditions and blessings.

Consider how Nigerian families make binding agreements during traditional marriages, with witnesses and serious commitments. Biblical covenants worked similarly, establishing permanent relationships between God and His chosen people. Each covenant revealed God's character and what He expected from His people in return.

💡 Exam tip: When answering covenant questions, always identify the specific person involved (Abraham, Moses, David) and mention what God promised versus what He required from them.
Objective 9 of 14
The Covenant: God's Role in Leadership

A covenant is a sacred agreement or promise between God and His people. In the Bible, God made covenants with leaders like Abraham, Moses, and David. Through these agreements, God promised blessings, protection, and guidance, while the leaders promised obedience and faithfulness to God's commands.

God's role was always to initiate and empower these leaders. With Abraham, God promised descendants and land. With Moses, God gave the Ten Commandments and freed the Israelites from Egypt. With David, God promised an eternal kingdom. In each case, God provided supernatural help, wisdom, and protection so these leaders could fulfill their missions.

Think of it like a Nigerian chief making a binding agreement with his community—both sides have responsibilities, but the chief ensures the welfare of his people. Similarly, God guaranteed success to covenant leaders when they obeyed Him, but they faced consequences when they disobeyed.

💡 Exam tip: When answering questions about covenants, always mention both what God promised and what the leader was expected to do in return—examiners want to see you understand it's a two-sided agreement.
Objective 10 of 14
The Covenant: Understanding God's Agreements

A covenant is simply a solemn agreement or contract between God and His people. Think of it like a serious binding promise where God commits to doing certain things, and the people promise to obey His laws in return. The major covenants in the Bible include those with Noah, Abraham, Moses, and David. Each covenant shows God's faithfulness and His desire to have a relationship with humanity. For instance, God promised Abraham that he would have many descendants and inherit the land of Canaan, but Abraham had to trust God completely and follow His commands. Similarly, at Mount Sinai, God made a covenant with the Israelites through Moses, giving them the Ten Commandments. These leaders achieved remarkable things because they trusted God's promises even when circumstances seemed impossible. They showed unwavering faith and obedience, which became the foundation for God's plan of salvation through Jesus Christ, the ultimate fulfillment of all covenants.

💡 Exam tip: When answering questions about covenants, always mention both God's promise and the people's responsibility to show you understand the bilateral nature of a covenant.
Objective 11 of 14
God's Guidance Through the Covenant

A covenant is a serious agreement or promise between God and His people. Think of it like a binding contract, but much more important. God established covenants to show His people how to live and what He expected from them. Through these agreements, God guided His chosen people step by step.

God guided Abraham by promising him descendants and land, showing him the path to follow. With Moses, God gave the Ten Commandments as a guide for living righteously. In Nigeria, we see this reflected in how our churches use biblical covenants to guide members toward moral living and community values.

The covenants weren't just rules—they were God's way of building a relationship with humanity. By keeping covenant promises, people experienced God's protection and blessings. This divine guidance shaped entire nations and continues influencing Christian life today.

💡 Exam tip: When answering covenant questions, remember that God's guidance came through specific promises tied to obedience, not random instructions.
Objective 12 of 14
The Covenant: God's Protection of Israel

A covenant is a sacred agreement or promise between God and His people. In the Old Testament, God made a covenant with Israel through Abraham and Moses, promising to bless and protect them if they obeyed His laws. Think of it like a serious contract between a parent and child—God promised to be their God and keep them safe from enemies, while Israel promised to worship only Him and follow His commandments.

This protection was real and practical. When Israel faced enemies like the Egyptians and Philistines, God intervened directly. The parting of the Red Sea and the walls of Jericho falling down show how God fulfilled His covenant promise to protect His chosen people. In Nigeria, we see similar protection concepts in traditional cultures where elders make binding agreements to protect community members.

The covenant shaped Israel's entire history and identity as God's protected nation.

💡 Exam tip: Always remember that covenants involve mutual promises—God protects, but Israel must obey. Questions often test whether you understand this two-sided relationship.
Objective 13 of 14
God's Provision Through the Covenant

A covenant is a serious agreement between God and His people, like a binding contract. Through covenants, God promised to provide for and protect those who followed Him faithfully. With Abraham, God promised land, many descendants, and blessings. With Moses, God gave the Ten Commandments and promised to guide Israel through the wilderness, providing manna (bread from heaven) and water. God also established covenants with David and later through Jesus Christ.

Think of it like a parent providing for their child's needs—school fees, food, shelter—because of their relationship. Similarly, God provided protection, food, guidance, and a homeland for His people because of the covenant bond. Nigerian families also make binding agreements; when a father promises to train his children in exchange for respect and obedience, that's similar to how God's covenants work.

💡 Exam tip: When answering covenant questions, always mention both God's promise and the people's responsibility to obey—covenants require commitment from both sides.
Objective 14 of 14
identify the different occasions when God

A covenant is simply a serious agreement or promise between God and His people. Think of it like a contract, but much more sacred and binding. In the Bible, God made several covenants at different times with different people. The covenant with Noah came after the flood, where God promised never to destroy the earth by water again. With Abraham, God promised to make him the father of many nations. The Mosaic covenant at Mount Sinai involved God giving the Ten Commandments to Moses and the Israelites. You can compare this to how a Nigerian family makes binding agreements—like when elders gather and swear an oath before witnesses that cannot be broken. Each covenant had specific conditions and promises that shaped God's relationship with His people throughout history.

💡 Exam tip: When answering covenant questions, always mention both the person involved and God's specific promise or condition in that covenant.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many JAMB objectives are in The Covenant?
The JAMB Christian Religious Studies topic 'The Covenant' has 14 learning objectives you must master.
Does The Covenant appear in JAMB Christian Religious Studies?
The Covenant is part of the official JAMB Christian Religious Studies syllabus, so UTME questions can be drawn from it in any year.
How do I study The Covenant for JAMB?
Study each of the 14 objectives listed above. For each one, understand the concept, learn one worked example, and practise identifying the answer in a multiple-choice format.
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